Master of Biophysics and Quantitative Biotechnology
Modified from Shanmugasundaram et al, Curr Oral Health Rep (2024)
Death statistic according to cause of death.
Provisional data (June 2024). INE
Modified from Nuttall et al., Nutr Today 2015
Obesity Medicine Association has defined obesity as:
“A chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease,
wherein an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces,
resulting in adverse metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences.
Personalised Medicine (PM) refers to a medical model using characterisation of individuals’ phenotypes and genotypes (e.g. molecular profiling, medical imaging, lifestyle data) for tailoring the right therapeutic strategy for the right person at the right time, and/or to determine the predisposition to disease and/or to deliver timely and targeted prevention
Key Aspect: PM aims for optimal outcomes by helping clinicians select the treatments best suited to individual patients.
3 Billion Base Pairs, forming the blueprint of life with extensive information encoded within. Each Cell with Its Own Epigenetic Program
37 Trillion Cells, each functioning and interacting in a complex, dynamic environment
200 Different Cell Types, each specialized for unique roles, from neurons that transmit signals to adipocytes that store fat
Huge Complexity Within Each Cell, numerous organelles and molecular machines working in concert, with an unique Set of Expressed Genes and Proteins
Definition of Computational Biology: Application of data-analytical methods, mathematical modeling, and computational simulation to study biological systems.
Role in PM: Facilitates analysis of complex data (genomics, proteomics) to understand disease mechanisms.
Relates to a branch of biological science specifically focusing on the comprehensive study of sets of biological entities.
“Omic” technologies examine the roles, relationships, and actions of various types of biological molecules that make up the cells and tissues of an organism.
Complexity of Obesity: Influenced by genetics, time, environment, and lifestyle, making it complex to treat.
Personalization in Obesity: Personalized approaches address specific metabolic profiles, genetic predispositions, enviromental cues, and responses to diet and exercise.
Benefits: Improved prediction, prevention, and treatment of obesity-related complications.
SC / vis ratio = Subcutaneous adipose area / Visceral adipose area
ISM1 predicts abdominal fat partitioning and act as biomarker for evaluating obesity-related health risk
SOCS3, SIK1, GADD45B, and DUSP1 showed a differential expression pattern in both scWAT and hMSC-derived adipocytes, where their expression paralleled steatosis degree
It is critical to distinguish adipose tissue location to classify obesity phenotypes. The Subcutaneous/Visceral ratio is an accurate metric to classify the metabolic status of individuals with similar perceived obesity (same BMI and same waist circumference).
ISM1 expression levels in scWAT and its serum levels exhibited a correlation with the SFA/VFA ratio. These findings suggest that ISM1 could predict abdominal fat partitioning and act as a potential biomarker for evaluating obesity-related health risks.
SOCS3, DUSP1, SIK1 and GADD45B showed a differential expression pattern in both scWAT and hADMSC-derived adipocytes of patients with NAFLD. Their expression paralleled steatosis degree.
Editing out SOCS3, DUSP1, and SIK1 using CRISP/Cas9 technology reduced their expression in hADMSC without conditioning its adipogenic capacity, highlighting the potential of this gene editing tool to treat metabolic complications.